Understanding Acne: Causes, Symptoms and Prevention Tips
Acne affects millions of people worldwide, from teenagers to adults. It develops when hair follicles become clogged with oil, dead skin cells and bacteria, leading to breakouts on the face, back, chest and shoulders. While many associate acne with puberty, adults can experience persistent breakouts well into their 30s, 40s and beyond.
The good news? You can manage acne effectively with the right skincare routine, lifestyle changes and, when necessary, professional treatments. By understanding the causes and taking proactive steps, you can improve your skin health and boost your confidence.
What Causes Acne?
Acne forms when the skin as oil glands produce too much sebum (oil), which combines with dead skin cells and blocks pores. This creates an environment where bacteria thrive, leading to inflammation and breakouts. Several factors contribute in recognising them can help you manage and prevent future breakouts.
Excess Oil Production
Your sebaceous glands naturally produce oil to keep the skin hydrated. However, when they become overactive, they produce too much oil, leading to clogged pores and acne.
Clogged Hair Follicles
Every day, your skin sheds dead cells. If these cells do not shed properly, they mix with oil and block hair follicles. As a result, blackheads and whiteheads develop.
Bacterial Overgrowth
Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) lives on your skin. Under normal conditions, it is harmless. But when trapped in clogged pores, it multiplies rapidly, causing redness, swelling and pus-filled pimples.
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal fluctuations, especially during puberty, pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause, can increase oil production and trigger breakouts. If you notice it around your jawline, chin, or lower face, hormones might be the culprit.
Stress and Lifestyle Factors
Stress does not directly cause acne, but it increases cortisol levels, which stimulates oil production. Poor sleep, an unhealthy diet and certain medications can also make acne worse.
Diet and Acne
Research suggests that high-glycaemic foods, such as white bread, sugary snacks and processed foods, may contribute to it. Dairy products may also play a role in breakouts for some people.
Skincare and Cosmetic Products
Using the wrong skincare or makeup products can clog pores and lead to breakouts. Always choose non-comedogenic, oil-free products to avoid worsening acne.
Types of Acne
Acne is not the same for everyone. Identifying your acne type will help you find the most effective treatment.
Non-Inflammatory Acne
- Blackheads (Open Comedones): Pores clogged with oil and dead skin but remain open, appearing as dark spots.
- Whiteheads (Closed Comedones): Clogged pores covered by a thin layer of skin, forming small white bumps.
Inflammatory Acne
- Papules: Small, red, inflamed bumps that do not contain pus.
- Pustules: Pimples filled with pus, appearing red with a white or yellow centre.
- Nodules: Large, painful lumps deep under the skin that feel firm to the touch.
- Cystic Acne: The most severe type, cystic acne consists of deep, painful cysts filled with pus. If left untreated, it can cause permanent scarring.
How to Prevent Acne Breakouts
While you cannot always control acne, you can take steps to reduce breakouts and keep your skin healthy. Consistency is key—small daily habits can make a significant difference over time.
Follow a Gentle Skincare Routine
- Wash your face twice a day with a mild, non-comedogenic cleanser to remove oil, dirt and bacteria.
- Avoid harsh scrubs or over-washing, as these can irritate your skin and trigger excess oil production.
- Use lukewarm water instead of hot water to prevent dryness and irritation.
Choose the Right Skincare and Makeup Products
- Select non-comedogenic moisturisers, sunscreens and makeup that would not clog your pores.
- Avoid heavy creams and thick lotions that can trap oil and lead to breakouts.
Keep Your Hands and Hair Away from Your Face
- Touching your face transfers bacteria and oil, which can worsen acne.
- If you have long hair, keep it clean and away from your face to prevent oil build-up.
Manage Stress Effectively
- Engage in stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation and regular exercise.
- Prioritise good sleep habits to keep hormone levels balanced and reduce stress-induced breakouts.
Watch Your Diet
- Reduce your intake of high-glycaemic foods like white bread, sweets and processed snacks.
- If dairy affects your skin, try cutting back on milk and cheese to see if your acne improves.
- Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and omega-3 fatty acids to support skin health.
Do not Pick or Pop Pimples
- Picking pimples pushes bacteria deeper into your skin, causing more inflammation and increasing the risk of scarring.
- Instead, apply a spot treatment with benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid to help heal the breakout.
Keep Pillowcases and Makeup Brushes Clean
- Change your pillowcase at least once a week to prevent bacteria and oil build-up.
- Wash your makeup brushes regularly to keep them free from bacteria.
Seek Professional Treatments if Needed
- If your acne does not improve with home care, a dermatologist can recommend stronger treatments like prescription medications, chemical peels, or laser therapy.
- Hormonal treatments, such as oral contraceptives, may help regulate breakouts in women experiencing hormonal acne.
When to See a Doctor for Treatment
Mild acne often responds well to over-the-counter treatments, but you should seek professional help if:
- Your acne is severe, painful, or cystic.
- Over-the-counter treatments are not working after several weeks.
- Acne is leaving scars or dark spots on your skin.
- Your breakouts are affecting your confidence and quality of life.
Early treatment can prevent long-term skin damage and improve overall skin health.
Conclusion
Acne is a complex skin condition influenced by genetics, hormones, diet and lifestyle. However, you can take control of your skin by following a consistent skincare routine, making healthier lifestyle choices and seeking professional treatments when needed.
At Molechex, we offer skin assessments and personalised treatments to help you achieve clear, healthy skin. Whether you are struggling with occasional breakouts or persistent acne, our team of experienced skin doctors can provide tailored solutions that work for you. If acne is affecting your confidence or quality of life, now is the time to take action. A professional skin consultation can make all the difference in helping you regain clear, glowing skin.
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